近代民间慈善组织与农村灾荒救济——以北洋政府时期的华北地区为例
王军1, 熊亚平2
1. 天津财经大学理工学院, 天津 300222;
2. 天津社会科学院历史研究所, 天津 300191
起止页码: 13--20页
DOI:
摘要：
北洋政府时期,华北地区灾荒频仍,战乱不断,人民生活困苦。随着政府控制力的减弱,国家赈济职能衰退,民间慈善组织进入高速发展阶段,开始替代政府行使救济灾民的职责,对社会的稳定和发展起到积极作用。我国作为一个传统农业国家,一旦遭遇天灾,对农民的生命财产将会造成巨大的打击,以中国红十字会和华洋义赈会为代表的民间慈善组织,以挽救生命为职志,勇于挑起慈善救济的重担,并把以工代赈、教养兼施等西方慈善理念引入到我国,改变了传统灾荒赈济模式。当然,民间慈善团体的赈济效能并非完美,他们所筹发的善款、物资相对于庞大的赈济支出而言微不足道,但他们传播新式慈善理念和救济方式的行为,有效促进了中西文化的融合,推动了民间力量的成长。
Modern Civil Charity Associations and Rural Famine Relief——The Case of North China Area in the Northern Warlords Government Period
WANG Jun1, XIONG Yaping2
1. Tianjin University of Finance and Economics, Tianjin 300222;
2. Institute of History, Tianjin Academy of Social Sciences, Tianjin 300191, China
Abstract:
In the Northern Warlords Government period,there were constant natural famine and wars in the North China and people suffered a lot.With the decrease of the governmental control and the recession of governmental function,the civil charity associations developed quickly and began to take responsibility of improving the situations in replacement of the government,which stabilized the society.As a traditional agricultural country,once natural disasters happened,they would usually cause a lot of loss of lives and properties of the peasants.The Red Cross Society of China and the China Internation Famine Relief Commission,among many other groups,contributed to saving people's lives and took the responsibility of natural disaster relief.They also introduced the Western charity ideas such as working for relief benefit into China and changed the traditional relief patterns.Of course the relief function of the charity associations was not perfect.What they distributed was still a small portion of the huge relief need.But the way they introduced the new charity ideas and methods effectively promoted the Sino-Western cultural interaction and the growth of the civil power.
收稿日期: 2013-05-17
基金项目:
参考文献：