华北乡村医疗卫生事业的起步——以河北省昌黎县为例(1949—1968)
何燕
南开大学历史学院, 天津 300071
起止页码: 14--17页
DOI:
摘要：
针对新中国成立初期农村疫病流行、医药资源匮乏的局面，新政权采取了多种措施发展农村卫生事业。随着合作化运动的开展和集体制的确立，政府在乡村医疗卫生事务的引导和管理上逐步发挥了积极作用，采取了多项措施改善农民就医环境。广大乡村逐渐有了自己的基层卫生组织，并陆续开展了卫生防疫、预防保健等公共卫生活动，乡村卫生事业取得初步成效。共和国前20年间，新政权从自身指导理念和中国实际出发，以农村为重点，整合中国本土资源，借鉴西方医疗体系形成的现代中国模式，从卫生建设的角度反映了新政权探索现代化建设的中国式道路的努力。这一时期，乡村医疗卫生事业的起步为整个集体化时代乃至今日的乡村医疗卫生事业奠定了基础、指明了方向，其重要意义不应被忽视。
The Initial Stage of Rural Medical and Health Services in North China——A Case Study of Changli County in Hebei Province(1949—1968)
HE Yan
College of History, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
Abstract:
In the early period of the People's Republic of China,the country was widespread with disease and shortage of medical supplies.Under this circumstance,the new regime took a variety of measures to improve the rural medical and health services.As the establishment of the agricultural cooperative movement and collectivization,the government gradually played an active role in the leading and management of rural medical cause and made efforts to improve the medical environment of the peasants.They eventually had their own basic medical organizations and carried out the health and epidemic prevention, preventive health care and other public health activities,rural health service and achieved initial results.In the first 20years of the Republic,the new regime,from its own guiding philosophy and Chinese actual situation, formed the modern Chinese mode focused on the rural areas by integrating the Chinese local resources and learning from Western medical system,which reflects the efforts of the new regime in the exploration of modernization with Chinese pattern from the perspective of health construction.In this period, the start of the rural medical and health care laid a foundation and pointed out the direction for the entire collectivization era and even today's rural medical and health undertakings,its significance should not be overlooked.
收稿日期: 2012-10-15
基金项目: 2010年度国家社会科学基金项目《现当代华北乡村文献史料的调查、整理与研究》（10BZS054）；2011年度教育部人文社会科学重点研究基地重大研究项目《现代中国的日常生活》（11JJD770026）
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